Loge Alliance 144: Franc-maçons célèbres

PRÉSIDENTS AMÉRICAINS

George Washington served as the first President of the United States of America. He was inaugurated on April 30, 1789 and served two terms as President. Born in 1732, Washington was initiated on November 4, 1752, passed on March 3, 1753, and raised a Master Mason on August 4, 1753 in Fredericksburg Lodge, Virginia. He would serve as the Commander in Chief of the Continental Armies during the Revolutionary War. In 1788, Washington was appointed Charter Master of Alexandria Lodge No. 22, Virginia during the organization of the lodge and in December 1788, he was elected Master. There is no evidence that he was ever installed or presided over any meetings of this lodge. While President, he would act as Grand Master in leveling the cornerstone of the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. on September 18, 1793. During his life, Washington was somewhat active and supportive of Freemasonry. He died on December 14, 1799, less than three years following his second term as President.

George Washington First U.S. President, 1789-1797

Virginia in 1758. Monroe attended the College of William and Mary, fought with distinction in the Continental Army, and practiced law in Fredericksburg, Virginia. There is some dispute regarding the Masonic affiliation of Bro. Monroe due to the loss of lodge records. It appears that he was initiated on November 9, 1775 in St. John’s Regimental Lodge in the Continental Army. He later affiliated with Williamsburg Lodge No. 6 in Williamsburg, Virginia. There are no known records to confirm his advancement through the degrees but there is evidence that Monroe was received as a Master Mason during a visit to a Tennessee lodge in 1819. It is interesting to note that Bro. Monroe was not yet eighteen when initiated indicating the concept of “lawful age” had not been universally fixed at twenty-one at this time. Like Washington, Monroe would serve two terms as President. He died on July 4, 1831 in New York.

James Monroe Fifth U.S. President, 1817-1825

Born in the backwoods settlement of Waxhaw, South Carolina on March 15, 1767, Andrew Jackson received sporadic education. But in his late teens he read law for about two years, and he became an outstanding young lawyer in Tennessee. Fiercely jealous of his honor, he engaged in brawls, and in a duel killed a man who cast an unjustified slur on his wife Rachel. A major general in the War of 1812, Jackson became a national hero when he defeated the British at New Orleans. The Masonic record of Brother Jackson has not been located though there is no doubt he was a Mason. He appears to have been a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 29, Nashville, Tennessee, as early as 1800. The lodge name was later changed to Harmony Lodge No. 1 on November 1, 1800. Brother Jackson is officially listed as a member in the Lodge Returns to the Grand Lodge of Tennessee for 1805. Very active in Freemasonry, Brother Jackson was a Grand Master of Masons in Tennessee, serving from October 1822 until October 1824. Jackson served two terms as President from 1829 until 1837. He died on June 8, 1845 at the Hermitage near Nashville, Tennessee.

Andrew Jackson Seventh U.S. President, 1829-1837

James K. Polk was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, on November 2, 1795. Studious and industrious, Polk was graduated with honors in 1818 from the University of North Carolina. As a young lawyer he entered politics, served in the Tennessee legislature, and became a friend of Andrew Jackson. Brother Polk was initiated in Columbia Lodge No. 31 on June 5, 1820 located in Columbia, Tennessee. He would be passed and raised in this lodge though the actual dates are unknown. In 1825 he was exalted a Royal Arch Mason in LaFayette Chapter No. 4 located in Columbia. Polk would serve as the Governor of Tennessee from 1839 through 1841 prior to his election as President of the United States. He would serve one term as President from 1845 to 1849. He left office in poor health and died a few months later on June 15, 1849 in Nashville, Tennessee.

James K. Polk Eleventh U.S. President, 1845-1849

Born in Cove Gap near Mercersburg, Pennsylvania into a well-to-do Pennsylvania family on April 23, 1791, James A. Buchanan, a graduate of Dickinson College, was gifted as a debater and learned in the law. Tall, stately, and stiffly formal, he was the only President who never married. Brother Buchanan was initiated on December 11, 1816, passed and raised in Lancaster Lodge No. 43 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He served as Master of his lodge from 1822 to 1823. In 1824, he was appointed District Deputy Grand Master for the Counties of Lancaster, Lebanon and York. His tenure as President was fraught with controversy surrounding the issues of states rights and slavery. Inaugurated in 1857, Buchanan retired from the Presidency after one term in office and returned to Lancaster, Pennsylvania where he died on June 1, 1868.

James A. Buchanan Fifteenth U.S. President, 1857-1861

Born in Raleigh, North Carolina, on December 29, 1808, Johnson grew up in poverty. He was apprenticed to a tailor as a boy, but ran away. He opened a tailor shop in Greeneville, Tennessee, married Eliza McCardle, and participated in debates at the local academy. Entering politics, he became an adept stump speaker, championing the common man. Johnson became a Mason in 1851 when he was initiated, passed, and raised in Greenville Lodge No. 119 located at Greenville, Tennessee. Following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865, the Presidency fell upon Vice-President Johnson, an old-fashioned southern Jacksonian Democrat. Although an honest and honorable man, Andrew Johnson was one of the most unfortunate of Presidents. Arrayed against him were the Radical Republicans in Congress, brilliantly led and ruthless in their tactics. In 1867, the House of Representatives voted eleven articles of impeachment against him. He was tried by the Senate in the spring of 1868 and acquitted by one vote. While serving as President, he received the Scottish Rite degrees during 1867. Johnson left the White House in 1869 after serving almost four years as President completing Lincoln’s second term. Johnson died on July 31, 1875 in Carter's Station, Tennessee.

Andrew Johnson Seventeenth U.S. President, 1865-1869

Born in Niles, Ohio, on January 29, 1843, McKinley briefly attended Allegheny College, and was teaching in a country school when the Civil War broke out. Enlisting as a private in the Union Army, he was mustered out at the end of the war as a brevet major of volunteers. He studied law, opened an office in Canton, Ohio, and married Ida Saxton, daughter of a local banker. McKinley was initiated, passed, and raised in Hiram Lodge No. 21 located in Winchester, Virginia during 1865. He affiliated with Canton Lodge No. 60 in Canton, Ohio on 1867 and later demitted to become a Charter Member of Eagle Lodge No. 431, also in Canton. McKinley was elected Governor of Ohio in 1891 and served two terms from 1892 to 1896. He was inaugurated as President in 1897 and was elected to a second term in 1900. McKinley’s second term as President came to a tragic end in September 1901. While attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York he was shot by a deranged man. McKinley would die eight days later on September 14, 1901, becoming the second Masonic President to be assassinated.

William McKinley Twenty-Fifth U.S. President, 1897-1901

With the assassination of President McKinley in 1901, Theodore Roosevelt, not quite 43, became the youngest President in the Nation's history. He brought new excitement and power to the Presidency as he vigorously led Congress and the American public toward progressive reforms and a strong foreign policy. He was born in New York City on October 27, 1858 into a wealthy family. Though he suffered from ill health as a youth, he was an avid outdoorsman and conservationist. During the Spanish-American War, Roosevelt was lieutenant colonel of the Rough Rider Regiment, which he led on a charge at the battle of San Juan. He was elected Governor of New York in 1898, serving with distinction. Assuming the Presidency in September 1901, Roosevelt received the three degrees in Matinecock Lodge No. 806 in Oyster Bay, New York during the year. He was very supportive of Freemasonry during the remainder of his life. Following the completion of McKinley’s term, Roosevelt was elected to a second term in his own right and served as President through 1909. Roosevelt died on January 6, 1919 in Oyster Bay.

Theodore Roosevelt Twenty-Sixth U.S. President, 1901-1909

William Howard Taft was born on September 15, 1857 in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of a distinguished judge. He was graduated from Yale and returned to Cincinnati to study and practice law. He rose in politics through judiciary appointments earned through his own competence and availability. Brother Taft was made a "Mason at Sight" within the Body of Kilwinning Lodge No. 356 located in Cincinnati, Ohio on February 18, 1909. Taft’s father and two brothers were also members of this Lodge. After the ceremony, Brother and President Taft addressed the Brethren, saying, "I am glad to be here, and to be a Mason. It does me good to feel the thrill that comes from recognizing on all hands the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of Man." Taft was a distinguished jurist and an effective administrator but a poor politician. Large, jovial, and conscientious, Taft was inaugurated as President in 1909, and spent four uncomfortable years in the White House caught in the intense battles between the political factions of Washington. Taft’s term ended in 1913 and, free of the Presidency, served as Professor of Law at Yale until Brother and President Warren G. Harding made him Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, a position he held until just before his death on March 8, 1930 in Washington, D.C.

William H. Taft Twenty-Seventh U.S. President, 1909-1913

Warren G. Harding was born near Marion, Ohio, on November 2, 1865. An active civic leader, he became the publisher of a newspaper. He was a trustee of the Trinity Baptist Church, a director of almost every important business, and a leader in fraternal organizations and charitable enterprises. Harding was initiated in Freemasonry on June 28, 1901 in Marion Lodge No. 70 located in Marion, Ohio. Because of some personal antagonism, Brother Harding's advancement was hindered until 1920, by which time he had been nominated for President. Friends persuaded the opposition to withdraw the objection, and on August 27, 1920, nineteen years after his initiation, Brother Harding achieved the Sublime Degree of Master Mason in Marion Lodge. Harding won the Presidential election of 1920 by an unprecedented landslide of 60 percent of the popular vote. By 1923 the post World War I depression was giving way to a new wave of prosperity and newspapers proclaimed Harding as a wise statesman. However, word began to reach Harding that some of his friends were using their official positions for personal enrichment. This alarmed and worried Harding but he feared the political repercussions of exposing the scandals. Looking wan and depressed, Harding journeyed westward in the summer of 1923 carrying the burden of revealing the corruption. Unfortunately, he did not live to find out how the public would react to the scandals of his administration. On August 2, 1923, Harding died in San Francisco of a heart attack.

Warren G. Harding Twenty-Ninth U.S. President, 1921-1923

Franklin D. Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882 at Hyde Park, New York. He attended Harvard University and Columbia Law School. On St. Patrick's Day, 1905, he married Eleanor Roosevelt. Roosevelt entered public service through politics, serving in several state and federal positions before being elected Governor of New York in 1928. In the summer of 1921, at the age of 39, he was stricken with poliomyelitis. Demonstrating indomitable courage, Roosevelt fought to regain the use of his legs, particularly through swimming. Roosevelt received the three degrees in Masonry within Holland Lodge No. 8 located in New York City in 1911. During his lifetime he was supportive of Freemasonry and somewhat active in the fraternity. He was elected President in November 1932 to the first of four terms spanning the Great Depression to World War II. His tenure as President was a period of great social and political change in the United States. Assuming the Presidency at the depth of the Great Depression, he brought hope to the American people as he promised prompt, vigorous action, and asserted in his Inaugural Address, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself." When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Roosevelt directed organization of the Nation's manpower and resources for global war. During this period he directed the war effort but also contemplated the planning of a United Nations in which international difficulties could be resolved. As the war drew to a close, Roosevelt's health deteriorated, and on April 12, 1945, while at Warm Springs, Georgia, he died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the beginning of his fourth term as President.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Thirty-Second U.S. President, 1933-1945

Harry S. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri, in 1884. He grew up in Independence, and for 12 years prospered as a Missouri farmer. He went to France during World War I as a captain in the Field Artillery. Returning, he married Elizabeth Virginia Wallace, and opened a haberdashery in Kansas City. A very active Freemason, Truman received his Masonic degrees in Belton Lodge No. 450 in Grandview, Missouri in 1909. In 1911, Truman and several other Masons organized Grandview Lodge No. 618 and Truman served as the first Master of the Lodge. In 1940, Truman was elected Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Missouri and would serve as such until October 1941. Truman became a U.S Senator in 1934 and was active in monitoring the war effort while in the Senate. Brother Franklin D. Roosevelt chose Truman to be his Vice-Presidential candidate in the 1944 elections, which Roosevelt won. During his few weeks as Vice President, Truman scarcely saw President Roosevelt, and received no briefing on the development of the atomic bomb or the unfolding difficulties with Soviet Russia. Suddenly these and a host of other wartime problems became Truman's to solve when, on April 12, 1945, he became President upon the death of Roosevelt. He told reporters, "I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me." As President, Truman made some of the most crucial decisions in history. Soon after V-E Day, the war against Japan had reached its final stage. An urgent plea to Japan to surrender was rejected. Truman, after consultations with his advisers, ordered atomic bombs dropped on cities devoted to war work. Two were Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Japanese surrender quickly followed in 1945. In 1948, campaigning against the backdrop of crises in foreign affairs around the globe, Truman won a term as President in his own right. Deciding not to run for a second term, Truman retired from the Presidency in 1953 and returned to Independence, Missouri where he died on December 26, 1972 at the age of 88.

Harry S. Truman Thirty-Third U.S. President, 1945-1953

Born in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1913, Gerald R. Ford grew up in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He starred on the University of Michigan football team, and then went to Yale where he served as assistant coach while earning his law degree. During World War II he attained the rank of lieutenant commander in the Navy. After the war he returned to Grand Rapids, where he began the practice of law, and entered Republican politics. In 1948 he was elected to Congress where he developed a reputation for integrity and openness. That reputation made him popular during his twenty-five years in Congress where he served as House Minority Leader from 1965 to 1973. Ford was initiated in Freemasonry on September 30, 1949 in Malta Lodge No. 465 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. In 1951 he received the passed and raised a Master Mason in Columbia Lodge No. 3 in Washington, D.C. as a courtesy for Malta Lodge while Ford served in Congress. When Ford took the oath of office as President on August 9, 1974, he declared, "I assume the Presidency under extraordinary circumstances.... This is an hour of history that troubles our minds and hurts our hearts." It was indeed an unprecedented time. He had been the first Vice President chosen under the terms of the Twenty-fifth Amendment and, in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal, was succeeding the first President ever to resign. President Ford won the Republican nomination for the Presidency in 1976, but lost the election to his Democratic opponent. Following his years as president, Ford remained active in the Republican Party. After experiencing health problems and being admitted to the hospital four times in 2006, Ford died in his home on December 26, 2006. He lived to an older age than any other U.S. president in history, dying at the age of 93.

Gerald R. Ford Thirty-Eighth U.S. President, 1974-1977

ENTREPRENEURS

Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers is an international fast food chain restaurant founded by Dave Thomas on November 15, 1969, in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The company decided to move its headquarters to Dublin, Ohio, on January 29, 2006. As of March 2010, Wendy's was the world's third largest hamburger fast food chain with approximately 6,650 locations, following McDonald's 31,000+ locations and Burger King's 12,000+ locations.[1][2][3] On April 24, 2008, the company announced a merger with Triarc, the parent company of Arby's. Despite the new ownership, Wendy's headquarters remained in Dublin.[4] Previously, Wendy's had rejected more than two buyout offers from Triarc Companies Inc. Following the merger, Triarc became known as Wendy's/Arby's Group, a publicly traded company.

Dave Thomas WENDY'S

Bell was born in Mentone, Indiana and lived there until 1907, when his family moved to Santa Monica, California. He joined his older brother Grover and stunt pilot Lincoln Beachey as a mechanic in 1912. Grover Bell was killed in a plane crash the following year, and Lawrence vowed to quit aviation for good; however, he went to work for the Glenn L. Martin Company after friends convinced him to return to the industry. He became Martin's shop foreman at age 20, and later the company's general manager.

Lawrence Dale "Larry" Bell (April 5, 1894 – October 20, 1956) Bell Aircraft Corporation.

Passionné par la mécanique et les transports, Walter Percy Chrysler débute sa carrière dans les chemins de fer, où il se forge une belle réputation en "soignant" et en améliorant les énormes machines de l'Union Pacific. Découvrant l'automobile au Salon de New York, en 1908, il se prend d'une nouvelle passion. Il investit toutes ses économies dans l'achat d'une voiture et cherche un emploi dans ce nouveau secteur. Il accepte un poste chez Buick, pour la moitié de son salaire précédent, et gravit peu à peu les échelons.

Walter Percy Chrysler (2 avril 1875 à Wamego - 18 août 1940) fondateur de Chrysler.

Willard H. Dow earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Michigan in 1919. He succeeded his father, Herbert H. Dow, as president of the Dow Chemical Company in 1930. He was a pioneer in developing and producing a wide variety of plastics materials, including cellulose ethers, polystyrene, polystyrene foam, Saran, divinylbenzene-based ion-exchange resins and styrene butadiene latexes. In his 19-year tenure as president of the Dow Chemical, the company made chemical and industrial history, growing in a time of decline. He was adventurous and visionary when others might have been conservative, and he turned Dow Chemical into a $200 million corporation of diverse companies and nearly 600 different commercial products, most of which were unknown in 1930. He received many honors during his lifetime, including three honorary doctorates, Columbia University's Chandler Medal in 1943, the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Chemists in 1944 and the Medal for the Advancement of Research from the American Society for Metals in 1948. He was inducted into the Plastics Hall of Fame in 1975. Dow perished in an airplane crash in 1949.

Willard H. Dow , the Dow Chemical Company

Henry Ford (30 juillet 1863 à Dearborn, Michigan, États-Unis – † 7 avril 1947

Born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin and raised in Chicago, Illinois. King Camp Gillette's family was devastated by the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. His ancestors came from England to Massachusetts in 1630.[4]

King Camp Gillette (January 5, 1855 – July 9, 1932)

Sir Thomas Lipton 10 May 1848 – 2 October 1931)

James Cash Penney

Miles Gilbert "Tim" Horton

ARTISTES

Louis Daniel Armstrong (prononcer « Louis » à la française, que lui-même écrivait Louie par hypercorrection), né le 4 août 1901[1] à La Nouvelle-Orléans et décédé le 6 juillet 1971 à New York City, aussi connu sous les surnoms de Satchmo (pour satchel-mouth, littéralement bouche-sacoche) ou Pops[2], est un musicien américain de jazz. Réputé charismatique, innovant et possédant un talent musical exceptionnel, il transforma le jazz d’une musique régionale peu connue en un courant culturel populaire. Peut-être le musicien de jazz le plus célèbre du XXe siècle, il fut tout d’abord reconnu pour ses qualités de trompettiste, avant de développer au fil de sa carrière des aptitudes au chant et de devenir ainsi l’un des chanteurs de jazz les plus influents de son époque. Louis Armstrong était d’une remarquable générosité, au point d’adopter le fils de sa cousine Flora disparue peu après sa naissance. Il n'a cessé de prendre soin de Clarence Armstrong, handicapé mental, à qui il a assuré une rente à vie.

Louis Daniel Armstrong né le 4 août 1901[1] à La Nouvelle-Orléans et décédé le 6 juillet 1971 à New York City

Bill Basie studied music with his mother as a child and played piano in early childhood. He picked up the basics of early ragtime from some of the great Harlem pianists and studied organ informally with Fats Waller. He made his professional debut as an accompanist for vaudeville acts and replaced Waller in an act called Katie Crippen and her Kids. He also worked with June Clark and Sonny Greer who was later to become Duke Ellington’s drummer

William (Count) Bassie Born; Red Bank, NJ., 8-21-1904

rving Berlin (May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989)

Nathaniel Adams Coles (March 17, 1919 – February 15, 1965),

Edward Kennedy Ellington était un pianiste, compositeur et chef d'orchestre américain né le 29 avril 1899 à Washington et mort le 24 mai 1974 à New York.

Duke Ellington né le 29 avril 1899 à Washington et mort le 24 mai 1974 à New York

William Clark Gable (1er février 1901 – 16 novembre 1960)

Bob Hope, KBE, KCSG, KSS (born Leslie Townes Hope; May 29, 1903 – July 27, 2003) was an American comedian and actor who appeared in vaudeville, on Broadway, and in radio, television and movies. He was also noted for his work with the US Armed Forces and his numerous USO shows entertaining American military personnel.[1] Throughout his career, he was honored for his humanitarian work. In 1996, the U.S. Congress honored Bob Hope by declaring him the "first and only honorary veteran of the U.S. armed forces." Bob Hope appeared in or hosted 199 known USO shows.[2

Bob Hope,(born Leslie Townes Hope; May 29, 1903 – July 27, 2003)

Houdini est né à Budapest, en Hongrie[1]. À partir de 1907, Houdini prétend être né le 6 avril 1873 à Appleton dans le Wisconsin.

Harry Houdini (né Ehrich Weiss le 24 mars 1874 à Budapest, en Hongrie - mort le 31 octobre 1926 à Détroit, dans le Michigan) est un prestidigitateur américain d'origine hongroise.

As an actor, Ives's work included comedies, dramas, and voice work in theater, television, and motion pictures. Referring to Ives's singing, music critic John Rockwell said, "Ives's voice ... had the sheen and finesse of opera without its latter-day Puccinian vulgarities and without the pretensions of operatic ritual. It was genteel in expressive impact without being genteel in social conformity. And it moved people.

Burl Icle Ivanhoe Ives (June 14, 1909 – April 14, 1995)

Born Otto Elmo Linkenhelt, the barrel-chested actor is best known in his silent movie role as the first Tarzan in 1918's Tarzan of the Apes as an adult -- (Gordon Griffith played him as a child in the same movie). He portrayed the character twice more -- in The Romance of Tarzan (also 1918) and in the 1921 serial The Adventures of Tarzan.

Elmo Lincoln (February 6, 1889 – June 27, 1952)

was a Ukrainian American film producer. He is generally cited as the creator of the "star system" within Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) in its golden years. Known always as Louis B. Mayer and often simply as "L.B.", he believed in wholesome entertainment and went to great lengths so that MGM had "more stars than there are in the heavens".

Louis Burt Mayer (July 12, 1884[1] – October 29, 1957

est un compositeur. Mort à trente-cinq ans, il laisse une œuvre importante (626 œuvres sont répertoriées dans le Catalogue Köchel), qui embrasse tous les genres musicaux de son époque. Selon le témoignage de ses contemporains, il était, au piano comme au violon, un virtuose.

Mozart (né le 27 janvier 17561, mort le 5 décembre 17911),

was an American singer and cowboy actor, as well as the namesake of the Roy Rogers Restaurants chain. He and his wife Dale Evans, his golden palomino Trigger, and his German Shepherd dog, Bullet, were featured in more than 100 movies and The Roy Rogers Show. The show ran on radio for nine years before moving to television from 1951 through 1957. His productions usually featured a sidekick, often either Pat Brady, (who drove a Jeep called "Nellybelle"), Andy Devine, or the crotchety George "Gabby" Hayes. Roy's nickname was "King of the Cowboys". Dale's nickname was "Queen of the West."

Roy Rogers, born (November 5, 1911 – July 6, 1998

better known as Peter Sellers, was a British[1] comedian and actor best known for his roles in Dr. Strangelove, as Chief Inspector Clouseau in The Pink Panther film series, as Clare Quilty in the original 1962 screen version of Lolita, and as the man-child, Chance the gardener, in his penultimate film, Being There.

Richard Henry Sellers, OBE (8 September 1925 – 24 July 1980

was an American comedian who was best known as a top radio and television star from 1937 to 1971. Skelton's show business career began in his teens as a circus clown and went on to vaudeville, Broadway, films, radio, TV, night clubs and casinos, all while pursuing another career as a painter.

Red Skelton (July 18, 1913 – September 17, 1997)

born Jacob Warner in London, Ontario, Canada, was a Canadian-American film executive who was the president and driving force behind the Warner Bros. Studios in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. Warner's 45-year career was longer than that of any other traditional Hollywood studio mogul.[1]

Jack Warner (August 2, 1892 – September 9, 1978),

est un acteur, réalisateur et producteur américain.

John Wayne, né le 26 mai 1907 et mort le 11 juin 1979

Darryl F. Zanuck was the epitome of a self-made man. He was not an educated man in the classical sense, was not an actor or director, but nevertheless he left an indelible mark on the history of the American movie industry. He was the producer of about 200 films during a 25 year period from 1925 to 1970. He is also the co-founder of one of the major film studios, Twentieth Century Fox, and was creative in both plot development, plot selection, script writing and actor selection.

Darryl F. Zanuck Co-founder of 20th Century Productions

Telly Savalas, né le 21 janvier 1922 à Garden City (État de New York) et mort le 22 janvier 1994 (72 ans) à Universal City (Californie), était un acteur ...

Malgré les railleries, Sammy Jr. rejoint une unité de divertissement pendant son service militaire, et découvre que les projecteurs constituent une sorte de bouclier contre le racisme. « Mon talent était une arme, une force, un moyen de me défendre. C'était le seul moyen dont je disposais pour tenter de faire réfléchir la personne en face de moi », a-t-il déclaré.

Sammy Davis Jr., de véritable identité Samuel George Davis, Jr., né le 8 décembre 1925 dans le quartier d'Harlem dans la ville New York aux États-Unis et mort le 16 mai 1990 à Beverly Hills

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